PG Diploma Solar Semester one Paper 3 Exam Section A

Basics of Renewable Energy & Electricity

Q1. Energy is the capacity to do:
A. Heat
B. Work
C. Motion
D. Voltage
Answer: B

Q2. Unit of electrical power is:
A. Volt
B. Ampere
C. Watt
D. Ohm
Answer: C

Q3. Current is measured in:
A. Watt
B. Ampere
C. Volt
D. Joule
Answer: B

Q4. Voltage is also known as:
A. Resistance
B. EMF
C. Frequency
D. Power factor
Answer: B

Q5. Resistance is measured in:
A. Ohm
B. Volt
C. Ampere
D. Watt
Answer: A

Q6. Formula for power is:
A. P = I/R
B. P = V × I
C. P = V/R
D. P = I²/V
Answer: B

Q7. 1 kilowatt equals:
A. 10 W
B. 100 W
C. 1000 W
D. 10000 W
Answer: C

Q8. 1 unit of electricity equals:
A. 1 W
B. 1 kWh
C. 1 V
D. 1 A
Answer: B

Q9. Conductors allow easy flow of:
A. Light
B. Heat
C. Electrons
D. Neutrons
Answer: C

Q10. Silicon is a:
A. Conductor
B. Insulator
C. Semiconductor
D. Superconductor
Answer: C

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Solar Cell & PV Basics

Q11. Solar cell converts sunlight into:
A. AC power
B. DC power
C. Heat only
D. Sound
Answer: B

Q12. Solar cells work on:
A. Magnetic effect
B. Photovoltaic effect
C. Thermal effect
D. Piezo effect
Answer: B

Q13. A single solar cell voltage is about:
A. 12V
B. 24V
C. 0.5V
D. 48V
Answer: C

Q14. Solar cell current depends mainly on:
A. Wire size
B. Sunlight intensity
C. Battery size
D. Room temperature only
Answer: B

Q15. Common material used in solar cells is:
A. Copper
B. Silicon
C. Iron
D. Aluminium
Answer: B

Q16. Multiple solar cells connected together form a:
A. Battery
B. Module
C. Inverter
D. Grid
Answer: B

Q17. Multiple modules connected together form a:
A. Cell
B. Load
C. Array
D. Fuse
Answer: C

Q18. Solar PV output is highest during:
A. Midnight
B. Cloudy night
C. Bright sunlight
D. Rainstorm
Answer: C

Q19. PV systems have:
A. Many moving parts
B. No moving parts
C. Fuel burners
D. Steam turbine
Answer: B

Q20. Main limitation of solar energy is:
A. Too much fuel cost
B. Intermittent sunlight
C. Heavy smoke
D. Noise pollution
Answer: B

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Solar Modules & Specifications

Q21. Voc means:
A. Voltage of current
B. Open circuit voltage
C. Output control voltage
D. Operating cell voltage
Answer: B

Q22. Isc means:
A. Short circuit current
B. Solar current
C. System current
D. Supply current
Answer: A

Q23. Vmp means:
A. Voltage at maximum power
B. Variable module power
C. Voltage meter point
D. Verified max point
Answer: A

Q24. Imp means:
A. Input module power
B. Current at maximum power
C. Internal max point
D. Inverter max power
Answer: B

Q25. Standard Test Condition irradiance is:
A. 100 W/m²
B. 500 W/m²
C. 1000 W/m²
D. 1500 W/m²
Answer: C

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Charge Controller

Q26. Charge controller is used to protect:
A. Fan
B. Battery
C. Wire
D. Roof
Answer: B

Q27. Charge controller prevents battery:
A. Painting
B. Overcharging
C. Cooling
D. Expansion
Answer: B

Q28. Charge controller is essential in:
A. Off-grid system
B. Diesel engine
C. Transformer yard
D. Hydropower dam
Answer: A

Q29. Fully charged 12V battery generally reaches about:
A. 5V
B. 8V
C. 14V
D. 30V
Answer: C

Q30. Charge controller regulates:
A. Speed only
B. Voltage and current
C. Roof angle
D. Temperature only
Answer: B

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Inverter

Q31. Inverter converts:
A. AC to DC
B. DC to AC
C. AC to AC
D. Heat to AC
Answer: B

Q32. Rectifier converts:
A. DC to AC
B. AC to DC
C. DC to DC
D. Light to DC
Answer: B

Q33. Most household appliances use:
A. DC supply
B. AC supply
C. Steam supply
D. Solar cell direct only
Answer: B

Q34. Solar battery stores energy as:
A. Mechanical
B. Chemical
C. Sound
D. Magnetic
Answer: B

Q35. Positive terminal of battery is marked:
A. –
B. +
C. x
D. o
Answer: B

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Battery Systems

Q36. Series battery connection increases:
A. Capacity only
B. Voltage
C. Weight only
D. Cost only
Answer: B

Q37. Parallel battery connection increases:
A. Voltage only
B. Capacity (Ah)
C. Frequency
D. Resistance
Answer: B

Q38. Rechargeable batteries are called:
A. Primary batteries
B. Secondary batteries
C. Dry cells only
D. Coin cells only
Answer: B

Q39. Example of rechargeable battery:
A. Pencil cell
B. Lead acid battery
C. Coin cell
D. Torch cell only
Answer: B

Q40. Battery capacity is commonly measured in:
A. Watt
B. Volt
C. Ampere-hour
D. Hertz
Answer: C

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Load Calculation / Billing

Q41. Energy consumed =
A. Voltage × Resistance
B. Power × Time
C. Current × Time²
D. Power / Voltage
Answer: B

Q42. A 100W bulb running 10h uses:
A. 0.1 kWh
B. 1 kWh
C. 10 kWh
D. 100 kWh
Answer: B

Q43. Electricity bill audit helps recommend:
A. TV brand
B. Best solar system
C. Mobile plan
D. Paint type
Answer: B

Q44. HT connection means:
A. High Tension
B. Hot Terminal
C. House Type
D. Heat Transfer
Answer: A

Q45. LT connection means:
A. Load Transfer
B. Low Tension
C. Light Type
D. Low Temperature
Answer: B

Q46. EVA used in solar modules stands for:
A. Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
B. Electrical Voltage Assembly
C. Energy Value Analyzer
D. External Voltage Adapter
Answer: A

Q47. The backsheet of a solar module helps protect against:
A. Moisture and environmental damage
B. High voltage generation
C. AC conversion
D. Frequency drop
Answer: A

Q48. The junction box in a solar module is generally mounted on the:
A. Front glass
B. Rear side
C. Aluminium frame edge
D. Roof surface
Answer: B

Q49. NOCT in solar panel specifications refers to:
A. Normal Operating Cell Temperature
B. Nominal Output Circuit Test
C. New Open Cell Technology
D. Net Operating Charge Time
Answer: A

Q50. Standard Test Conditions (STC) temperature for solar panel testing is:
A. 0°C
B. 15°C
C. 25°C
D. 45°C
Answer: C

Q51. During battery discharge, the anode is generally:
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Neutral
D. Grounded
Answer: B

Q52. During battery discharge, the cathode is generally:
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Floating
D. Insulated
Answer: B

Q53. In a battery, the electrolyte mainly enables movement of:
A. Electrons through wire
B. Ions between electrodes
C. Light particles
D. Air pressure
Answer: B

Q54. A DC/DC converter is used for:
A. AC to DC conversion
B. Changing one DC voltage level to another
C. Mechanical rotation
D. Battery cleaning
Answer: B

Q55. In a grid-connected system, excess solar power is commonly exported to the:
A. Battery only
B. Utility grid
C. Junction box
D. Earthing pit
Answer: B

Q56. The SI unit of frequency is:
A. Watt
B. Joule
C. Hertz
D. Ohm
Answer: C

Q57. Three-phase electrical supply is commonly used in:
A. Small torch lights
B. Industrial installations
C. Wrist watches
D. Dry cells
Answer: B

Q58. DC stands for:
A. Double Current
B. Direct Current
C. Dynamic Charge
D. Distributed Circuit
Answer: B

Q59. AC stands for:
A. Applied Charge
B. Alternating Current
C. Automatic Circuit
D. Active Cell
Answer: B

Q60. Solar modules are connected in series mainly to increase:
A. Voltage
B. Weight
C. Frequency
D. Temperature
Answer: A

Q61. The SI unit of energy is:
A. Joule
B. Watt
C. Volt
D. Ohm
Answer: A

Q62. A megawatt equals:
A. 1,000 W
B. 10,000 W
C. 100,000 W
D. 1,000,000 W
Answer: D

Q63. Electrons flow from higher potential to lower potential in a circuit due to:
A. Resistance
B. Voltage difference
C. Temperature
D. Frequency
Answer: B

Q64. Material with conductivity between conductor and insulator is:
A. Wood
B. Copper
C. Semiconductor
D. Rubber
Answer: C

Q65. The symbol of resistance is:
A. P
B. V
C. R
D. F
Answer: C

Q66. Higher solar irradiance generally causes module current to:
A. Decrease
B. Become zero
C. Increase
D. Reverse
Answer: C

Q67. Solar PV generation is best described as:
A. Mechanical generation
B. Electrochemical generation
C. Direct light-to-electric conversion
D. Fuel combustion generation
Answer: C

Q68. A module rated 540W can ideally deliver maximum power of:
A. 54W
B. 108W
C. 540W
D. 5400W
Answer: C

Q69. Tempered glass in solar modules is used mainly for:
A. Decoration
B. Protection and light transmission
C. Cooling battery
D. Increasing voltage
Answer: B

Q70. The aluminium frame of module helps in:
A. Power conversion
B. Structural mounting
C. Battery charging
D. Frequency control
Answer: B

Q71. If one cell in series string fails, output voltage generally:
A. Increases
B. Reduces
C. Doubles
D. Remains same
Answer: B

Q72. Battery separator allows flow of:
A. Electrons only
B. Ions
C. Air only
D. Heat only
Answer: B

Q73. Lead acid battery electrolyte is commonly:
A. Distilled water only
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Hydrochloric acid
D. Nitrogen gas
Answer: B

Q74. Lithium-ion batteries are generally known for:
A. Very low efficiency
B. Long life and fast charging
C. No voltage output
D. Heavy maintenance
Answer: B

Q75. Over-discharging a battery can:
A. Improve life
B. Cause damage
C. Increase voltage
D. Reduce weight
Answer: B

Q76. Inverter output for homes in India is commonly:
A. 12V DC
B. 48V DC
C. 230V AC
D. 5V DC
Answer: C

Q77. DC/DC converter is used to:
A. Convert AC to AC
B. Change DC voltage levels
C. Convert light to heat
D. Increase frequency only
Answer: B

Q78. The first step in PV system sizing is:
A. Select roof color
B. Determine load requirement
C. Buy inverter
D. Install battery
Answer: B

Q79. A load running continuously 24 hours is called:
A. Seasonal load
B. Continuous load
C. Fault load
D. Peak load only
Answer: B

Q80. Daily energy consumption depends on appliance wattage and:
A. Color
B. Hours of use
C. Shape
D. Brand name
Answer: B

Q81. Sanctioned load refers to:
A. Unauthorized demand
B. Approved load by utility
C. Battery size
D. Solar panel weight
Answer: B

Q82. Contract demand is common in:
A. Small torch
B. Industrial consumers
C. Wrist watch
D. Pencil cell
Answer: B

Q83. Excess solar energy in grid systems may be sent to:
A. Battery acid tank
B. Utility grid
C. Earthing pit only
D. Junction box
Answer: B

Q84. Open circuit voltage is measured when load is:
A. Full load connected
B. Disconnected
C. Short circuited
D. Earthing faulted
Answer: B

Q85. Short circuit current is measured when terminals are:
A. Open
B. Parallel with battery
C. Shorted through test method
D. Connected to inverter only
Answer: C

Q86. A higher efficiency module converts more sunlight into:
A. Dust
B. Electricity
C. Sound
D. Water
Answer: B

Q87. A solar array for utility scale plants may contain:
A. One cell only
B. Many panels
C. One fuse only
D. One battery only
Answer: B

Q88. Parallel-connected panels mainly increase:
A. Voltage
B. Current
C. Frequency
D. Resistance
Answer: B

Q89. Series-connected panels mainly increase:
A. Current only
B. Voltage
C. Weight
D. Temperature
Answer: B

Q90. A battery bank is primarily used for:
A. Noise reduction
B. Energy storage
C. Panel cleaning
D. Roof insulation
Answer: B

Q91. Preventive maintenance of PV systems includes:
A. Ignoring dirt
B. Regular inspection and cleaning
C. Disconnecting all wires
D. Painting modules black
Answer: B

Q92. Dust on modules generally causes output to:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Double
D. Stay infinite
Answer: B

Q93. The backsheet of module is placed on:
A. Front glass side
B. Rear side
C. Battery side only
D. Inverter side
Answer: B

Q94. Typical warranty period for many modules is around:
A. 1 month
B. 1 year
C. 20+ years
D. 3 days
Answer: C

Q95. Solar energy is categorized as:
A. Non-renewable only
B. Renewable energy
C. Fossil energy
D. Nuclear fuel
Answer: B

Q96. An atom becomes positively charged when it:
A. Gains electrons
B. Loses electrons
C. Gains neutrons only
D. Stops moving
Answer: B

Q97. The flow of electrons in conductor is called:
A. Resistance
B. Current
C. Frequency
D. Torque
Answer: B

Q98. The most convenient form of energy for modern use is often:
A. Stone energy
B. Electrical energy
C. Manual energy
D. Wind noise
Answer: B

Q99. Solar modules should ideally face maximum sunlight for better:
A. Noise
B. Output generation
C. Rusting
D. Weight gain
Answer: B

Q100. Main purpose of studying specs before installation is to ensure:
A. Color matching only
B. Proper system design compatibility
C. Lower gravity
D. Faster rain
Answer: B

 

Basics of Energy & Electricity

Q1. Energy is the capacity to do ________.
Answer: Work

Q2. Electrical current is measured in ________.
Answer: Ampere

Q3. Voltage is also called ________.
Answer: EMF

Q4. Resistance is measured in ________.
Answer: Ohm

Q5. Power formula is P = ________ × I.
Answer: V

Q6. 1 kilowatt = ________ watts.
Answer: 1000

Q7. 1 unit of electricity = 1 ________.
Answer: kWh

Q8. Materials that allow free flow of electrons are called ________.
Answer: Conductors

Q9. Silicon is a ________ material.
Answer: Semiconductor

Q10. Current symbol is represented by ________.
Answer: I

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Solar PV Basics

Q11. A solar cell converts sunlight into ________ electricity.
Answer: DC

Q12. Solar cells work on the ________ effect.
Answer: Photovoltaic

Q13. A single solar cell produces about ________ volt.
Answer: 0.5

Q14. Many solar cells connected together form a ________.
Answer: Module

Q15. Multiple modules connected together form a solar ________.
Answer: Array

Q16. Common material used for solar cells is ________.
Answer: Silicon

Q17. Solar PV systems have no ________ parts.
Answer: Moving

Q18. Solar power generation is highest during bright ________.
Answer: Sunlight

Q19. One limitation of solar energy is its ________ nature.
Answer: Intermittent

Q20. Solar energy is a ________ source of energy.
Answer: Renewable

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Solar Module & Specifications

Q21. Voc stands for open circuit ________.
Answer: Voltage

Q22. Isc stands for short circuit ________.
Answer: Current

Q23. Vmp means voltage at maximum ________.
Answer: Power

Q24. Imp means current at maximum ________.
Answer: Power

Q25. STC irradiance is ________ W/m².
Answer: 1000

Q26. Standard Test Condition temperature is ________°C.
Answer: 25

Q27. EVA in solar module stands for Ethylene Vinyl ________.
Answer: Acetate

Q28. Solar module front protective layer is ________ glass.
Answer: Tempered

Q29. Module rear protection layer is called ________.
Answer: Backsheet

Q30. Junction box is mounted on the ________ side of the module.
Answer: Back

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Battery & Charge Controller

Q31. A battery stores ________ energy.
Answer: Chemical

Q32. Positive battery terminal is marked with ________.
Answer: +

Q33. Negative battery terminal is marked with ________.
Answer: –

Q34. Rechargeable batteries are called ________ batteries.
Answer: Secondary

Q35. Lead acid battery electrolyte is ________ acid.
Answer: Sulfuric

Q36. In series battery connection, ________ increases.
Answer: Voltage

Q37. In parallel battery connection, ________ increases.
Answer: Capacity

Q38. Charge controller prevents battery ________.
Answer: Overcharging

Q39. Charge controller is mainly used in ________ grid solar systems.
Answer: Off

Q40. Fully charged 12V battery may reach about ________ volts.
Answer: 14

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Inverter, Load & Billing

Q41. Inverter converts DC into ________.
Answer: AC

Q42. Rectifier converts AC into ________.
Answer: DC

Q43. Most household appliances run on ________ supply.
Answer: AC

Q44. Energy consumed = Power × ________.
Answer: Time

Q45. The first step in solar system design is load ________.
Answer: Calculation

Q46. HT stands for High ________.
Answer: Tension

Q47. LT stands for Low ________.
Answer: Tension

Q48. Sanctioned load is approved by electricity ________.
Answer: Utility

Q49. Excess solar energy in grid systems is exported to the ________.
Answer: Grid

Q50. A solar array can power a house or be exported to the ________.
Answer: Grid

Basics of Energy & Electricity

Q1. Energy is the capacity to do work.
Answer: True

Q2. Electrical current is measured in amperes.
Answer: True

Q3. Resistance is measured in volts.
Answer: False

Q4. Voltage is the force that causes current to flow.
Answer: True

Q5. Power formula is P = V × I.
Answer: True

Q6. 1 kilowatt equals 100 watts.
Answer: False

Q7. 1 unit of electricity is equal to 1 kWh.
Answer: True

Q8. Conductors do not allow flow of electrons.
Answer: False

Q9. Silicon is a semiconductor.
Answer: True

Q10. Current symbol is represented by V.
Answer: False

---

Solar PV Basics

Q11. A solar cell converts sunlight into DC electricity.
Answer: True

Q12. Solar cells work on the photovoltaic effect.
Answer: True

Q13. A single solar cell generally produces 48 volts.
Answer: False

Q14. Multiple solar cells connected together form a module.
Answer: True

Q15. Solar arrays are made of multiple modules.
Answer: True

Q16. Solar PV systems require fuel combustion to generate power.
Answer: False

Q17. Solar PV systems have no moving parts.
Answer: True

Q18. Solar output is usually better during bright sunlight.
Answer: True

Q19. Solar energy is a non-renewable source.
Answer: False

Q20. Intermittent sunlight is a limitation of solar energy.
Answer: True

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Solar Modules & Specifications

Q21. Voc means open circuit voltage.
Answer: True

Q22. Isc means short circuit current.
Answer: True

Q23. Vmp means voltage at maximum power.
Answer: True

Q24. Imp means current at maximum power.
Answer: True

Q25. Standard Test Condition irradiance is 1000 W/m².
Answer: True

Q26. STC temperature is 100°C.
Answer: False

Q27. EVA is used as encapsulation material in solar modules.
Answer: True

Q28. Tempered glass is used on the front side of modules.
Answer: True

Q29. Junction box is mounted on the back side of module.
Answer: True

Q30. Backsheet is used to charge batteries directly.
Answer: False

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Battery & Charge Controller

Q31. A battery stores chemical energy.
Answer: True

Q32. Rechargeable batteries are called secondary batteries.
Answer: True

Q33. Lead acid battery uses sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Answer: True

Q34. In series battery connection, voltage increases.
Answer: True

Q35. In parallel battery connection, voltage increases.
Answer: False

Q36. Parallel battery connection increases capacity in Ah.
Answer: True

Q37. Charge controller prevents battery overcharging.
Answer: True

Q38. Charge controller is mainly required in off-grid systems.
Answer: True

Q39. Over-discharging battery can damage battery life.
Answer: True

Q40. Battery positive terminal is marked with minus sign.
Answer: False

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Inverter, Load & Billing

Q41. Inverter converts DC power into AC power.
Answer: True

Q42. Rectifier converts AC into DC.
Answer: True

Q43. Most household appliances use AC supply.
Answer: True

Q44. Energy consumed equals power multiplied by time.
Answer: True

Q45. Load calculation is not required for solar design.
Answer: False

Q46. HT means High Tension supply.
Answer: True

Q47. LT means Low Tension supply.
Answer: True

Q48. Electricity bill audit helps in selecting suitable solar system.
Answer: True

Q49. Excess solar power in grid systems can be exported to the grid.
Answer: True

Q50. Solar arrays can be used only for calculators.
Answer: False