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Indian Institute of Solar Energy > Blog > Question bank > PG Diploma Solar Semester one Paper 2 Exam Section A
PG Diploma Solar Semester one Paper 2 Exam Section A
- April 4, 2026
- Posted by: iisemumbai
- Category: Question bank
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PG Diploma in Solar Course
Semester 1 – Paper 2 (100 Marks)
Fill in the Blanks Question Bank (Q1–Q100)
SECTION: Fill in the Blanks (1 × 100 = 100 Marks)
🔹 Renewable Energy (Q1–Q10)
- Energy is defined as the capacity to do ________.
Answer: work - According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be ________ or destroyed.
Answer: created - Solar energy is a ________ source of energy.
Answer: renewable - Fossil fuels are classified as ________ energy sources.
Answer: conventional - Electrical energy is considered the most ________ form of energy.
Answer: convenient - 1 kWh of electricity generation emits approximately ________ kg of CO₂.
Answer: 1 - Wind energy is an example of ________ energy source.
Answer: renewable - Biomass energy is derived from ________ materials.
Answer: organic - Energy consumption is directly related to ________ growth.
Answer: GDP - Solar energy reduces ________ emissions.
Answer: carbon
🔹 Basics of Electricity (Q11–Q30)
- Electric current is the flow of ________.
Answer: electrons - The symbol for current is ________.
Answer: I - The unit of current is ________.
Answer: ampere - Voltage is also called ________ force.
Answer: electromotive - Voltage is measured in ________.
Answer: volts - Resistance is measured in ________.
Answer: ohms - The symbol for resistance is ________.
Answer: R - Current flows from ________ voltage to lower voltage.
Answer: higher - A conductor allows ________ movement of electrons.
Answer: free - Insulators have ________ free electrons.
Answer: few - A semiconductor has conductivity between ________ and insulator.
Answer: conductor - Power is given by P = ________ × I.
Answer: V - One ampere equals ________ × 10¹⁸ electrons per second (approx).
Answer: 6.24 - The opposition to current flow is called ________.
Answer: resistance - The SI unit of power is ________.
Answer: watt - Voltage is also known as ________ difference.
Answer: potential - Electric current is measured using an ________ meter.
Answer: ammeter - Voltage is measured using a ________.
Answer: voltmeter - Materials like copper are good ________.
Answer: conductors - Rubber is an example of ________.
Answer: insulator
🔹 Solar Cells (Q31–Q45)
- A solar cell converts light into ________ energy.
Answer: electrical - Solar cells operate on the ________ effect.
Answer: photovoltaic - Solar cells produce ________ current.
Answer: DC - Solar PV systems have no ________ parts.
Answer: moving - The efficiency of solar cells is relatively ________.
Answer: low - Solar energy is ________ in nature.
Answer: intermittent - A solar cell is made of ________ material.
Answer: semiconductor - The typical voltage of a solar cell is about ________ volts.
Answer: 0.5 - Photons transfer energy to ________ in solar cells.
Answer: electrons - The energy gap between VB and CB is called ________ gap.
Answer: band - The discovery of photovoltaic effect was by ________.
Answer: Becquerel - Solar cells work best under ________ radiation.
Answer: sunlight - The collection of electrons forms ________.
Answer: current - Solar PV technology requires ________ maintenance.
Answer: low - Solar PV systems can work with ________ radiation also.
Answer: diffuse
🔹 Solar Modules (Q46–Q60)
- Many solar cells connected together form a ________.
Answer: module - Solar modules generate power in ________ range.
Answer: watts - Voltage of cells in series gets ________.
Answer: added - A solar panel includes a ________ box at the back.
Answer: junction - EVA stands for Ethylene Vinyl ________.
Answer: Acetate - The front layer of a module is made of ________.
Answer: glass - The back layer is called ________.
Answer: backsheet - Modules have a lifespan of about ________ to 30 years.
Answer: 20 - Cells are connected in ________ to increase voltage.
Answer: series - Solar modules are highly ________.
Answer: reliable - Solar panels are installed in the ________.
Answer: field - Solar arrays are made by combining ________.
Answer: modules - The output of a module depends on ________ area.
Answer: surface - Solar modules produce ________ power.
Answer: DC - Larger systems operate in ________ (MW/kW) scale.
Answer: kW
🔹 Charge Controller (Q61–Q70)
- A charge controller regulates ________ and current.
Answer: voltage - It protects batteries from ________ charging.
Answer: over - Batteries typically require around ________ V for full charge.
Answer: 14 - Charge controllers are used in ________ systems.
Answer: off-grid - One function is battery ________.
Answer: protection - Charge controller improves system ________.
Answer: efficiency - It prevents ________ current flow.
Answer: reverse - It controls the ________ connected to the system.
Answer: load - It helps in battery ________.
Answer: maintenance - Temperature affects battery ________.
Answer: charging
🔹 Inverter (Q71–Q80)
- An inverter converts DC to ________.
Answer: AC - Most appliances run on ________ power.
Answer: AC - Rectifiers convert ________ to DC.
Answer: AC - DC-DC converters change ________ levels.
Answer: voltage - Inverters are part of ________ systems.
Answer: solar - Batteries store ________ power.
Answer: DC - AC power is required for ________ appliances.
Answer: household - Inverters help supply power to the ________.
Answer: grid - Inverter output is usually ________ volts (India).
Answer: 230 - Power converters include rectifier, inverter, and ________.
Answer: DC-DC
🔹 Batteries (Q81–Q90)
- A battery stores ________ energy.
Answer: chemical - A battery converts chemical energy to ________.
Answer: electrical - A battery has ________ terminals.
Answer: two - The positive terminal is called ________.
Answer: cathode - The negative terminal is called ________.
Answer: anode - Electrolyte allows ________ movement.
Answer: ion - During discharge, electrons flow from ________.
Answer: anode - Batteries supply power when sunlight is ________.
Answer: unavailable - Energy storage improves system ________.
Answer: reliability - Battery charging requires ________ control.
Answer: proper
🔹 Load Calculation (Q91–Q95)
- Electrical load is any device that consumes ________.
Answer: power - Energy = Power × ________.
Answer: time - 1 kWh is equal to 1 ________ of electricity.
Answer: unit - Load calculation helps determine system ________.
Answer: size - Appliances must be listed with power and ________ usage.
Answer: time
🔹 Feasibility Study (Q96–Q100)
- Feasibility study checks project ________.
Answer: viability - Solar resource assessment studies ________ availability.
Answer: sunlight - Financial analysis determines project ________.
Answer: cost - Risk assessment identifies potential ________.
Answer: risks - Solar system size depends on daily ________ consumption.
Answer: energy
True / False Question Bank (Q1–Q100)
SECTION: True / False (1 × 100 = 100 Marks)
🔹 Renewable Energy (Q1–Q10)
- Energy is the capacity to do work.
Answer: True - Energy can be created and destroyed.
Answer: False - Solar energy is a renewable energy source.
Answer: True - Fossil fuels are non-conventional energy sources.
Answer: False - Electrical energy is a convenient form of energy.
Answer: True - Burning fossil fuels reduces CO₂ emissions.
Answer: False - Wind energy is a renewable energy source.
Answer: True - Biomass energy is derived from organic materials.
Answer: True - Energy consumption is unrelated to economic growth.
Answer: False - Renewable energy helps reduce environmental pollution.
Answer: True
🔹 Basics of Electricity (Q11–Q30)
- Electric current is the flow of electrons.
Answer: True - The unit of current is volt.
Answer: False - The symbol for current is I.
Answer: True - Voltage is the force that drives current.
Answer: True - Voltage is measured in amperes.
Answer: False - Resistance opposes the flow of current.
Answer: True - Resistance is measured in ohms.
Answer: True - Current flows from lower voltage to higher voltage.
Answer: False - Conductors allow free movement of electrons.
Answer: True - Insulators allow many free electrons.
Answer: False - Semiconductors have conductivity between conductor and insulator.
Answer: True - Power is equal to voltage multiplied by current.
Answer: True - One ampere represents a large number of electrons flowing per second.
Answer: True - Voltage is also called potential difference.
Answer: True - Copper is an insulator.
Answer: False - Rubber is a conductor.
Answer: False - An ammeter measures current.
Answer: True - A voltmeter measures resistance.
Answer: False - Resistance depends on material and dimensions.
Answer: True - Power is measured in watts.
Answer: True
🔹 Solar Cells (Q31–Q45)
- A solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy.
Answer: True - Solar cells operate on electromagnetic induction.
Answer: False - Solar cells produce DC electricity.
Answer: True - Solar PV systems have moving parts.
Answer: False - Solar energy is available continuously throughout the day and night.
Answer: False - Solar cells are made from semiconductor materials.
Answer: True - The photovoltaic effect is the working principle of solar cells.
Answer: True - A solar cell typically produces about 0.5 V.
Answer: True - Solar PV systems require high maintenance.
Answer: False - Solar cells can work under diffuse radiation.
Answer: True - Photon energy is converted into electron movement in solar cells.
Answer: True - Solar cells generate AC power directly.
Answer: False - The band gap is related to energy levels in semiconductors.
Answer: True - Solar energy is a clean source of energy.
Answer: True - Solar PV systems are widely used in remote areas.
Answer: True
🔹 Solar Modules (Q46–Q60)
- A solar module is made by connecting multiple solar cells.
Answer: True - A single solar cell can power a house.
Answer: False - Voltage increases when cells are connected in series.
Answer: True - Solar modules produce AC power directly.
Answer: False - EVA is used in solar module construction.
Answer: True - The front surface of a module is typically glass.
Answer: True - Solar modules have a very short lifespan of 2–3 years.
Answer: False - Solar modules are highly reliable.
Answer: True - The backsheet protects the module from damage.
Answer: True - Solar panels are installed in the field.
Answer: True - Modules can be combined to form arrays.
Answer: True - Solar modules require fuel to operate.
Answer: False - The junction box is located at the back of the panel.
Answer: True - Solar modules produce DC electricity.
Answer: True - Solar module efficiency is 100%.
Answer: False
🔹 Charge Controller (Q61–Q70)
- A charge controller regulates voltage and current.
Answer: True - Charge controllers are used only in grid systems.
Answer: False - Overcharging can damage batteries.
Answer: True - Charge controllers prevent over-discharging.
Answer: True - Charge controllers improve system efficiency.
Answer: True - Reverse current can damage solar systems.
Answer: True - Charge controllers have no role in battery protection.
Answer: False - Temperature affects battery charging.
Answer: True - Charge controllers can control load output.
Answer: True - Charge controllers are unnecessary in battery systems.
Answer: False
🔹 Inverter (Q71–Q80)
- An inverter converts DC to AC.
Answer: True - Most home appliances use DC power.
Answer: False - Rectifiers convert AC to DC.
Answer: True - DC-DC converters change voltage levels.
Answer: True - Solar panels produce AC power.
Answer: False - Inverters are required to run AC appliances.
Answer: True - Inverters are not used in solar systems.
Answer: False - Inverter output in India is around 230 V AC.
Answer: True - Power converters include rectifiers and inverters.
Answer: True - Batteries directly supply AC power.
Answer: False
🔹 Batteries (Q81–Q90)
- A battery stores chemical energy.
Answer: True - A battery converts chemical energy to electrical energy.
Answer: True - A battery has only one terminal.
Answer: False - The anode is the negative terminal.
Answer: True - The cathode is the positive terminal.
Answer: True - Electrolyte allows ion movement.
Answer: True - Batteries are used for energy storage.
Answer: True - Batteries supply power when sunlight is unavailable.
Answer: True - Battery charging does not need regulation.
Answer: False - Batteries improve system reliability.
Answer: True
🔹 Load Calculation (Q91–Q95)
- Electrical load refers to devices consuming electricity.
Answer: True - Energy consumption is independent of time.
Answer: False - Energy = Power × Time.
Answer: True - 1 kWh equals one unit of electricity.
Answer: True - Load calculation is not required in solar design.
Answer: False
🔹 Feasibility Study (Q96–Q100)
- Feasibility study determines project viability.
Answer: True - Solar resource assessment studies sunlight availability.
Answer: True - Financial analysis is not part of feasibility study.
Answer: False - Risk assessment identifies potential problems.
Answer: True - Solar feasibility study includes environmental analysis.
Answer: True
MCQ Question Bank (Q1–Q100)
Difficulty: Easy
🔹 Renewable Energy (Q1–Q10)
- Energy is defined as:
a) Power × time
b) Capacity to do work
c) Force only
d) Heat only
Answer: b - Renewable energy sources are:
a) Limited
b) Polluting
c) Naturally replenished
d) Expensive only
Answer: c - Which is a renewable source?
a) Coal
b) Diesel
c) Solar
d) Petrol
Answer: c - Fossil fuels are:
a) Renewable
b) Non-conventional
c) Conventional
d) Infinite
Answer: c - Electrical energy is:
a) Difficult to use
b) Most convenient
c) Rare
d) Expensive only
Answer: b - Solar energy helps reduce:
a) Oxygen
b) CO₂ emissions
c) Water
d) Temperature
Answer: b - Wind energy is:
a) Renewable
b) Non-energy
c) Chemical
d) Nuclear
Answer: a - Biomass comes from:
a) Rocks
b) Metals
c) Organic matter
d) Water
Answer: c - Energy demand increases with:
a) Decreasing GDP
b) Increasing GDP
c) Weather only
d) Voltage
Answer: b - Solar energy is:
a) Polluting
b) Clean
c) Exhaustible
d) Chemical
Answer: b
🔹 Basics of Electricity (Q11–Q30)
- Electric current is the flow of:
a) Protons
b) Neutrons
c) Electrons
d) Atoms
Answer: c - Unit of current is:
a) Volt
b) Ampere
c) Ohm
d) Watt
Answer: b - Voltage is measured in:
a) Watt
b) Volt
c) Ampere
d) Ohm
Answer: b - Resistance is measured in:
a) Volt
b) Watt
c) Ohm
d) Ampere
Answer: c - Symbol of current is:
a) V
b) R
c) I
d) P
Answer: c - Power formula is:
a) P = V/I
b) P = V × I
c) P = I/R
d) P = R × V
Answer: b - Current flows from:
a) Low to high voltage
b) High to low voltage
c) Ground only
d) Neutral only
Answer: b - A conductor allows:
a) No electrons
b) Free electrons
c) Only protons
d) Only ions
Answer: b - An insulator has:
a) Many free electrons
b) Few free electrons
c) No atoms
d) High voltage
Answer: b - Semiconductor conductivity is:
a) Zero
b) High
c) Medium
d) Infinite
Answer: c - Voltage is also called:
a) Resistance
b) EMF
c) Current
d) Power
Answer: b - Resistance opposes:
a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Power
d) Energy
Answer: b - Unit of power is:
a) Volt
b) Amp
c) Watt
d) Ohm
Answer: c - Copper is a:
a) Insulator
b) Conductor
c) Semiconductor
d) Alloy
Answer: b - Rubber is a:
a) Conductor
b) Insulator
c) Semiconductor
d) Metal
Answer: b - Ammeter measures:
a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Resistance
d) Power
Answer: b - Voltmeter measures:
a) Current
b) Voltage
c) Power
d) Energy
Answer: b - Resistance depends on:
a) Length
b) Area
c) Material
d) All of the above
Answer: d - Current unit symbol is:
a) A
b) V
c) W
d) Ω
Answer: a - Power increases with:
a) Decrease in current
b) Increase in voltage
c) No change
d) Zero voltage
Answer: b
🔹 Solar Cells (Q31–Q45)
- Solar cell converts:
a) Heat to light
b) Light to electricity
c) AC to DC
d) Chemical to heat
Answer: b - Solar cells work on:
a) Magnetic effect
b) Photovoltaic effect
c) Induction
d) Electrolysis
Answer: b - Output of solar cell is:
a) AC
b) DC
c) Heat
d) Sound
Answer: b - Solar cells are made of:
a) Plastic
b) Semiconductor
c) Metal
d) Wood
Answer: b - Solar energy is:
a) Continuous
b) Intermittent
c) Constant
d) Stored
Answer: b - Solar cells have:
a) Moving parts
b) No moving parts
c) Rotating parts
d) Heavy parts
Answer: b - Typical voltage of cell:
a) 12 V
b) 230 V
c) 0.5 V
d) 50 V
Answer: c - Solar PV needs:
a) Fuel
b) Sunlight
c) Gas
d) Water
Answer: b - Efficiency of solar cells is:
a) High
b) Low
c) Infinite
d) Zero
Answer: b - Solar PV is used in:
a) Satellites
b) Cars only
c) Boilers
d) Engines
Answer: a - Photon energy creates:
a) Heat
b) Electrons
c) Current
d) Voltage
Answer: c - Solar cells can work with:
a) Only direct light
b) Diffuse light also
c) Only night
d) Only AC
Answer: b - Band gap relates to:
a) Voltage
b) Energy levels
c) Resistance
d) Current
Answer: b - Solar PV maintenance is:
a) High
b) Medium
c) Low
d) Impossible
Answer: c - Solar cells are used for:
a) Lighting
b) Charging
c) Power generation
d) All of the above
Answer: d
🔹 Solar Modules (Q46–Q60)
- Solar module is made of:
a) One cell
b) Many cells
c) Battery
d) Inverter
Answer: b - Cells in series increase:
a) Current
b) Voltage
c) Resistance
d) Power loss
Answer: b - EVA is used for:
a) Cooling
b) Encapsulation
c) Wiring
d) Mounting
Answer: b - Front layer is:
a) Plastic
b) Glass
c) Metal
d) Wood
Answer: b - Module life is about:
a) 2 years
b) 5 years
c) 20–30 years
d) 50 days
Answer: c - Modules produce:
a) AC
b) DC
c) Heat
d) Sound
Answer: b - Junction box is at:
a) Front
b) Back
c) Side
d) Bottom
Answer: b - Modules are:
a) Unreliable
b) Reliable
c) Temporary
d) Weak
Answer: b - Modules are combined into:
a) Batteries
b) Arrays
c) Inverters
d) Loads
Answer: b - Solar modules need:
a) Fuel
b) Sunlight
c) Diesel
d) Coal
Answer: b - Output depends on:
a) Area
b) Color
c) Size only
d) Weight
Answer: a - Solar panels are installed:
a) Underground
b) On site
c) In water
d) Inside battery
Answer: b - Solar modules are:
a) Unsafe
b) Safe
c) Hazardous
d) Explosive
Answer: b - Cells connected in parallel increase:
a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Resistance
d) Heat
Answer: b - Solar modules are used in:
a) Homes
b) Industries
c) Plants
d) All of the above
Answer: d
🔹 Charge Controller (Q61–Q70)
- Charge controller controls:
a) Temperature
b) Voltage & current
c) Light
d) Air
Answer: b - It protects battery from:
a) Heat
b) Overcharging
c) Dust
d) Weight
Answer: b - Used in:
a) Grid only
b) Off-grid
c) Cars only
d) Engines
Answer: b - Prevents:
a) Reverse current
b) AC flow
c) Voltage drop
d) Power loss
Answer: a - Improves:
a) Cost
b) Efficiency
c) Color
d) Size
Answer: b - Battery voltage is around:
a) 5V
b) 14V
c) 230V
d) 100V
Answer: b - Charge controller helps in:
a) Safety
b) Charging
c) Protection
d) All of the above
Answer: d - Over-discharging causes:
a) Cooling
b) Damage
c) Gain
d) Stability
Answer: b - Charge controller is:
a) Optional
b) Necessary
c) Decorative
d) Heavy
Answer: b - It regulates energy flow between:
a) Panel & battery
b) Battery & load
c) Both
d) None
Answer: c
🔹 Inverter (Q71–Q80)
- Inverter converts:
a) AC to DC
b) DC to AC
c) Heat to light
d) Light to heat
Answer: b - AC is used by:
a) Panels
b) Batteries
c) Appliances
d) Cells
Answer: c - Rectifier converts:
a) DC to AC
b) AC to DC
c) Heat to light
d) Light to heat
Answer: b - DC-DC converter changes:
a) Current
b) Voltage
c) Power
d) Frequency
Answer: b - Solar output is:
a) AC
b) DC
c) Both
d) None
Answer: b - Inverter is required for:
a) AC loads
b) DC loads
c) Batteries
d) Panels
Answer: a - Inverter output in India:
a) 110V
b) 230V
c) 12V
d) 24V
Answer: b - Power converter includes:
a) Inverter
b) Rectifier
c) DC-DC
d) All
Answer: d - Batteries supply:
a) AC
b) DC
c) Heat
d) Light
Answer: b - Inverter is used in:
a) Solar systems
b) Homes
c) Industries
d) All
Answer: d
🔹 Batteries (Q81–Q90)
- Battery stores:
a) Heat
b) Chemical energy
c) Light
d) Sound
Answer: b - Battery converts to:
a) Electrical energy
b) Heat
c) Light
d) Motion
Answer: a - Battery terminals:
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Answer: b - Anode is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
d) Unknown
Answer: b - Cathode is:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Neutral
d) Unknown
Answer: a - Electrolyte allows:
a) Electron flow
b) Ion flow
c) Heat flow
d) Light flow
Answer: b - Batteries supply power when:
a) Day
b) Night
c) Both
d) Only rain
Answer: c - Battery improves:
a) Cost
b) Reliability
c) Color
d) Weight
Answer: b - Battery needs:
a) Regulation
b) No control
c) Only sunlight
d) Only AC
Answer: a - Battery is used in:
a) Storage
b) Generation
c) Transmission
d) Cooling
Answer: a
🔹 Load Calculation & Feasibility (Q91–Q100)
- Electrical load consumes:
a) Voltage
b) Power
c) Resistance
d) Energy only
Answer: b - Energy = Power ×:
a) Voltage
b) Current
c) Time
d) Resistance
Answer: c - 1 kWh equals:
a) 1 unit
b) 10 units
c) 100 units
d) 0 unit
Answer: a - Load calculation helps in:
a) Design
b) Cooking
c) Cooling
d) Painting
Answer: a - Solar system size depends on:
a) Energy use
b) Color
c) Shape
d) Weight
Answer: a - Feasibility study checks:
a) Viability
b) Color
c) Brand
d) Size
Answer: a - Solar resource assessment studies:
a) Wind
b) Sunlight
c) Rain
d) Soil
Answer: b - Financial analysis checks:
a) Cost
b) Voltage
c) Current
d) Power
Answer: a - Risk assessment identifies:
a) Problems
b) Voltage
c) Power
d) Energy
Answer: a - Feasibility study includes:
a) Technical
b) Economic
c) Environmental
d) All
Answer: d
