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PG Diploma EV Semester one Paper 1 Exam Section B
- April 4, 2026
- Posted by: iisemumbai
- Category: Question bank
✅ SECTION A: EV INTRODUCTION & POWERTRAIN (Q1–25)
Q1. What is an electric vehicle (EV)?
Answer: An electric vehicle is a vehicle that runs on electrical energy instead of fossil fuels. It uses an electric motor powered by batteries. EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions and are environmentally friendly.
Q2. Why are EVs preferred over conventional vehicles?
Answer: EVs reduce air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. They have lower running and maintenance costs. They are quieter and more energy efficient compared to ICE vehicles.
Q3. Define electric propulsion system.
Answer: The electric propulsion system is the system that drives the vehicle using electrical energy. It includes the motor, inverter, and controller. It converts electrical energy into mechanical motion.
Q4. What are the main components of an EV?
Answer: The main components include battery, electric motor, power electronics, and controller. It also includes auxiliary systems and transmission. These components work together to move the vehicle.
Q5. What is regenerative braking?
Answer: Regenerative braking is a system that recovers energy during braking. The motor acts as a generator and converts kinetic energy into electrical energy. This energy is stored back in the battery.
Q6. What is a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)?
Answer: A BEV is a vehicle that runs entirely on battery power. It does not have an internal combustion engine. It is charged using an external power source.
Q7. What is a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)?
Answer: An HEV uses both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. It improves fuel efficiency and reduces emissions. The battery is charged internally during operation.
Q8. What is a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)?
Answer: A PHEV is a hybrid vehicle that can be charged externally. It has a larger battery than HEV. It can run on electric mode for a longer distance.
Q9. What is a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)?
Answer: An FCEV uses hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity. It produces only water as emission. It is an alternative clean energy vehicle.
Q10. What is the function of an electric motor in EV?
Answer: The electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It drives the wheels of the vehicle. It provides instant torque and smooth acceleration.
Q11. What is a powertrain?
Answer: A powertrain is a system that generates and transmits power to move the vehicle. It includes battery, motor, inverter, and transmission. It controls the motion of the EV.
Q12. What is EV powertrain?
Answer: EV powertrain is the system that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. It includes motor, battery, inverter, and controller. It replaces the ICE system in conventional vehicles.
Q13. Name the main components of EV powertrain.
Answer: The main components are battery pack, electric motor, inverter, and transmission system. It also includes control units. These components ensure efficient vehicle operation.
Q14. What is the function of a traction motor?
Answer: The traction motor provides the driving force to the wheels. It converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. It is the main source of propulsion in EVs.
Q15. What is the role of an inverter?
Answer: The inverter converts DC power from the battery into AC power. This AC power drives the motor. It also controls speed and torque of the motor.
Q16. What is the function of DC-DC converter?
Answer: The DC-DC converter converts high voltage DC to low voltage DC. It supplies power to auxiliary systems. It ensures stable voltage for electronics.
Q17. What is the purpose of onboard charger?
Answer: The onboard charger converts AC supply into DC for battery charging. It manages charging process safely. It communicates with charging station.
Q18. What is a vehicle control unit (VCU)?
Answer: The VCU controls overall vehicle operations. It manages energy flow and system coordination. It ensures smooth functioning of EV components.
Q19. What is power distribution unit (PDU)?
Answer: The PDU distributes electrical power to various components. It ensures proper energy flow in the system. It also provides protection and control.
Q20. What is auxiliary power system?
Answer: Auxiliary systems provide power to accessories like lights and AC. They operate on low voltage supply. They support comfort and safety functions.
Q21. What is the role of transmission in EV?
Answer: The transmission transfers power from motor to wheels. It adjusts speed and torque. EVs usually use simpler transmission systems.
Q22. What is energy source in EV?
Answer: The energy source is mainly the battery pack. It stores electrical energy. It supplies power to the motor and other components.
Q23. What is EV efficiency?
Answer: EV efficiency is the ratio of useful output energy to input energy. It indicates how effectively energy is used. EVs have higher efficiency than ICE vehicles.
Q24. What is the advantage of EV over ICE vehicles?
Answer: EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions and reduce air pollution. They have lower running and maintenance costs. They are more energy efficient and quieter compared to ICE vehicles.
Q25. What is EV efficiency?
Answer: EV efficiency refers to how effectively electrical energy is converted into mechanical motion. It is higher than ICE vehicles due to fewer losses. Efficient systems improve range and performance.
✅ SECTION B: EV BATTERIES & ENERGY STORAGE (Q26–50)
Q26. What is a battery?
Answer: A battery is an electrochemical device that stores energy in chemical form. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It powers the motor and other components in an EV.
Q27. What is an electrochemical cell?
Answer: An electrochemical cell is a unit that generates electricity through chemical reactions. It consists of anode, cathode, and electrolyte. Multiple cells form a battery.
Q28. What are primary batteries?
Answer: Primary batteries are non-rechargeable batteries. They are used once and then discarded. They are not commonly used in EVs.
Q29. What are secondary batteries?
Answer: Secondary batteries are rechargeable batteries. They can be charged and discharged multiple times. Lithium-ion batteries used in EVs are secondary batteries.
Q30. What are lithium-ion batteries?
Answer: Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries with high energy density. They are widely used in EVs due to long life and efficiency. They require less maintenance.
Q31. What is LFP battery?
Answer: LFP stands for Lithium Ferro Phosphate battery. It is known for safety and long cycle life. It is commonly used in EV applications.
Q32. What is NMC battery?
Answer: NMC battery contains Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt. It offers high energy density and good performance. It is widely used in electric vehicles.
Q33. What is battery energy density?
Answer: Energy density is the amount of energy stored per unit weight or volume. Higher energy density means longer driving range. It is measured in Wh/kg.
Q34. What is power density of battery?
Answer: Power density indicates how quickly energy can be delivered. It affects acceleration and performance. It is measured in W/kg.
Q35. What is cycle life of battery?
Answer: Cycle life is the number of charge and discharge cycles a battery can undergo. It indicates battery durability. Higher cycle life means longer battery life.
Q36. What is battery thermal management system (BTMS)?
Answer: BTMS controls battery temperature during operation. It ensures safe and efficient performance. It prevents overheating and improves battery life.
Q37. Why is battery thermal management important?
Answer: Proper temperature control improves battery efficiency and safety. It prevents damage and thermal runaway. It increases battery lifespan.
Q38. What is air cooling system?
Answer: Air cooling uses air to remove heat from the battery. It is simple and low cost. It is less efficient than liquid cooling.
Q39. What is liquid cooling system?
Answer: Liquid cooling uses coolant to regulate battery temperature. It provides better heat control. It is more efficient than air cooling.
Q40. What is phase change material cooling?
Answer: PCM absorbs heat during phase change. It helps maintain stable battery temperature. It improves thermal performance.
Q41. What is battery recycling?
Answer: Battery recycling is the process of recovering materials from used batteries. It reduces environmental impact. It helps reuse valuable metals.
Q42. Why is battery recycling important?
Answer: It reduces waste and conserves resources. It prevents environmental pollution. It recovers valuable materials like lithium and cobalt.
Q43. What is pyrometallurgy?
Answer: It is a high-temperature process used for recycling batteries. Metals are extracted using heat. It is commonly used in battery recycling.
Q44. What is hydrometallurgy?
Answer: It uses chemical solutions to extract metals. It is more efficient and environmentally friendly. It is widely used in battery recycling.
Q45. What is direct recycling?
Answer: Direct recycling reuses battery materials without breaking them completely. It preserves material structure. It improves sustainability.
Q46. What is cathode?
Answer: Cathode is the positive electrode in a battery. It receives electrons during discharge. It plays a key role in energy storage.
Q47. What is anode?
Answer: Anode is the negative electrode in a battery. It releases electrons during discharge. It helps generate electric current.
Q48. What is electrolyte?
Answer: Electrolyte is a medium that allows ion movement between electrodes. It completes the internal circuit. It is essential for battery operation.
Q49. What is separator in battery?
Answer: Separator prevents direct contact between anode and cathode. It avoids short circuit. It allows ion flow safely.
Q50. What is battery safety?
Answer: Battery safety ensures safe operation under different conditions. It prevents overheating and fire. It is achieved using BMS and thermal systems.
✅ SECTION C: BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS (Q51–70)
Q51. What is State of Charge (SOC)?
Answer: SOC indicates the remaining charge in the battery. It is expressed in percentage. 100% means fully charged battery.
Q52. What is State of Health (SOH)?
Answer: SOH represents the condition of the battery compared to a new one. It indicates remaining life. It is expressed in percentage.
Q53. What is C-rate?
Answer: C-rate defines charging and discharging speed of battery. 1C means full charge in one hour. It affects battery performance.
Q54. What does 1C rate mean?
Answer: 1C means battery is charged or discharged in one hour. It represents standard charging rate. Higher C-rate means faster charging.
Q55. What is battery capacity?
Answer: Capacity is the amount of charge a battery can store. It is measured in Ah or kWh. It determines driving range.
Q56. What is battery efficiency?
Answer: Efficiency is how effectively battery converts energy. Higher efficiency means less energy loss. It improves overall performance.
Q57. What is nominal voltage?
Answer: Nominal voltage is the standard operating voltage of battery. It remains relatively constant. It defines battery rating.
Q58. What is specific power?
Answer: Specific power indicates how fast energy is delivered. It affects acceleration. It is measured in W/kg.
Q59. What is energy density?
Answer: Energy density indicates energy stored per unit weight. It determines range of EV. Higher density means longer range.
Q60. What is self-discharge?
Answer: Self-discharge is loss of charge without use. It reduces battery efficiency over time. It occurs naturally.
Q61. What is battery testing?
Answer: Battery testing evaluates performance and safety. It includes various tests like capacity and thermal tests. It ensures reliability.
Q62. What is safety testing of battery?
Answer: Safety testing checks battery behavior under extreme conditions. It includes short circuit and impact tests. It ensures safe operation.
Q63. What is capacity test?
Answer: Capacity test measures energy storage ability. It determines battery performance. It is done by charge-discharge cycles.
Q64. What is charge-discharge test?
Answer: It evaluates battery performance during charging and discharging. It helps determine efficiency. It also indicates battery health.
Q65. What is thermal test?
Answer: Thermal test checks battery performance at different temperatures. It ensures stability. It prevents overheating issues.
Q66. What is short circuit test?
Answer: It checks battery behavior during short circuit conditions. It ensures safety mechanisms work properly. It prevents hazards.
Q67. What is battery cycle life?
Answer: It is number of cycles battery can undergo. It indicates durability. Higher cycle life means longer battery usage.
Q68. What is lithium-ion battery advantage?
Answer: Li-ion batteries have high energy density and long life. They are lightweight and efficient. They require low maintenance.
Q69. What is battery degradation?
Answer: Battery degradation is reduction in capacity over time. It occurs due to usage and aging. It reduces performance.
Q70. What is battery efficiency improvement?
Answer: Efficiency can be improved by proper thermal management and BMS. It reduces energy loss. It increases performance and life.
✅ SECTION D: BATTERY PACK & BMS (Q71–85)
Q71. What is battery module?
Answer: A module is a group of battery cells connected together. It forms part of battery pack. It helps in scalable design.
Q72. What is battery pack?
Answer: Battery pack is a collection of modules. It provides required voltage and capacity. It powers the EV.
Q73. What is difference between cell and module?
Answer: Cell is a single unit. Module is group of cells. Modules combine to form battery pack.
Q74. What is BMS?
Answer: BMS is Battery Management System. It monitors battery parameters. It ensures safety and performance.
Q75. What is role of BMS?
Answer: BMS monitors voltage, current, and temperature. It protects battery from damage. It improves battery life.
Q76. What is cell balancing?
Answer: Cell balancing ensures equal charge among cells. It prevents overcharging. It improves battery efficiency.
Q77. What is voltage monitoring?
Answer: It tracks voltage of each cell. It ensures safe operation. It prevents over-voltage conditions.
Q78. What is temperature monitoring?
Answer: It monitors battery temperature. It prevents overheating. It ensures safe performance.
Q79. What is current monitoring?
Answer: It tracks current flow in battery. It prevents overcurrent conditions. It protects battery.
Q80. What is battery protection?
Answer: Battery protection prevents overcharging, overheating, and short circuits. It ensures safe operation. It increases lifespan.
Q81. What is battery pack sizing?
Answer: It determines required capacity and voltage. It depends on vehicle requirements. It ensures proper performance.
Q82. What is thermal design of battery pack?
Answer: It manages heat in battery pack. It ensures safe temperature range. It improves performance and life.
Q83. What is mechanical design of battery pack?
Answer: It ensures structural integrity of pack. It protects cells from damage. It enhances safety.
Q84. What is busbar?
Answer: Busbar connects battery cells electrically. It carries current between cells. It ensures efficient power flow.
Q85. What is wire harness?
Answer: Wire harness connects electrical components. It organizes wiring system. It ensures proper signal transmission.
✅ SECTION E: EV ELECTRONICS & DESIGN (Q86–100)
Q86. What is OBD?
Answer: OBD is On-Board Diagnostics system. It monitors vehicle performance. It detects faults in system.
Q87. What is ECU?
Answer: ECU is Electronic Control Unit. It controls vehicle functions. It processes sensor data.
Q88. What is DTC?
Answer: DTC stands for Diagnostic Trouble Code. It identifies faults in system. It helps in troubleshooting.
Q89. What is ADAS?
Answer: ADAS stands for Advanced Driver Assistance System. It improves safety. It includes features like lane assist.
Q90. What is LiDAR?
Answer: LiDAR uses laser to detect objects. It helps in autonomous driving. It provides accurate distance measurement.
Q91. What is RADAR?
Answer: RADAR uses radio waves to detect objects. It works in poor visibility. It supports safety systems.
Q92. What is V2G?
Answer: Vehicle-to-Grid allows EV to supply power to grid. It supports energy management. It improves grid stability.
Q93. What is V2H?
Answer: Vehicle-to-Home allows EV to power household devices. It acts as energy storage. It provides backup power.
Q94. What is V2X?
Answer: Vehicle-to-Everything enables communication with devices. It includes V2G and V2H. It improves connectivity.
Q95. What is smart charging?
Answer: Smart charging optimizes charging time and energy use. It reduces load on grid. It improves efficiency.
Q96. What is aerodynamics in EV?
Answer: Aerodynamics studies airflow around vehicle. It reduces drag. It improves efficiency and range.
Q97. What is drag coefficient?
Answer: It measures resistance of air against vehicle. Lower value means better efficiency. It affects range.
Q98. What is vehicle dynamics?
Answer: It studies motion and behavior of vehicle. It includes forces and movement. It ensures stability and control.
Q99. What is traction system?
Answer: Traction system provides grip between tires and road. It ensures safe movement. It improves performance.
Q100. What is homologation?
Answer: Homologation ensures vehicle meets safety standards. It involves testing and certification. It is required for approval.