PG Diploma in Solar Semester Two Paper 1 exam SECTION A

MCQs (1–40)

1. The components other than solar modules in a PV system are commonly called:
a) Grid pack
b) Balance of System
c) Thermal unit
d) Solar core
Answer: b

2. Which of the following is a BOS component?
a) Wind blade
b) Steam turbine
c) AC combiner box
d) Boiler
Answer: c

3. Module mounting structures mainly support modules at a given:
a) Frequency
b) Pressure
c) Orientation
d) Resistance
Answer: c

4. Hot dip galvanized iron is used in:
a) Battery acid
b) Module mounting structures
c) Solar cells
d) Charge pump
Answer: b

5. A vertical post in a mounting structure is typically of:
a) L section only
b) C section
c) Round conductor
d) Flat mesh
Answer: b

6. Tilt brackets are used to:
a) Reduce cable current
b) Adjust panel tilt for optimum performance
c) Increase AC frequency
d) Store energy
Answer: b

7. Which is not a typical component of module mounting structure?
a) Cable tray
b) Nut bolts
c) Boiler drum
d) Mounting brackets
Answer: c

8. A PV module junction box is attached to the back of the panel using:
a) Cement mortar
b) Silicon adhesive
c) Water glue
d) Tape only
Answer: b

9. A completely watertight PV junction box carries rating:
a) IP 10
b) IP 25
c) IP 67
d) IP 11
Answer: c
Marks: 1

10. The string combiner box combines output of:
a) Multiple batteries
b) Multiple PV strings
c) AC transformers
d) Load centers
Answer: b

11. A DC SPD protects against:
a) Dust only
b) Voltage surges
c) Mechanical tilt
d) Corrosion only
Answer: b

12. DC disconnect is used for:
a) Colour coding
b) Isolation and safety
c) Water pumping
d) Battery filling
Answer: b

13. Which one is an AC combiner box component?
a) DC fuse holder only
b) MCCB
c) Solar tracker
d) Pyranometer stand
Answer: b

14. MCB stands for:
a) Main Cable Box
b) Miniature Circuit Breaker
c) Meter Control Board
d) Module Connecting Block
Answer: b

15. An AC-LT panel is mainly used in:
a) Low-voltage power distribution
b) Steam expansion
c) Cell manufacturing
d) Thermal storage
Answer: a

16. Earth pit resistance should be:
a) More than 50 ohm
b) Less than 5 ohm
c) Exactly 20 ohm
d) More than 100 ohm
Answer: b

17. Lightning arrestor protects against:
a) Module soiling
b) Lightning effects
c) Battery discharge
d) Shadow only
Answer: b

18. Energy monitoring systems are used to:
a) Produce steam
b) Monitor performance and energy production
c) Mount modules
d) Transport panels
Answer: b

19. PV wire is usually:
a) Wooden core
b) Single-conductor wire
c) Water-filled cable
d) Hollow pipe
Answer: b

20. The most commonly used conductor materials in solar cables are:
a) Silver and gold
b) Copper and aluminium
c) Iron and nickel
d) Zinc and tin
Answer: b

21. PV wire insulation is generally:
a) PVC only
b) XLPE
c) Rubber wool
d) Cotton
Answer: b

22. USE-2 means:
a) Utility Solar Energy-2
b) Underground Service Entrance wire
c) Ultra Safety Electrical wire
d) Unit Solar Extension
Answer: b

23. THHN cable stands for:
a) Thermal High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated
b) Thin Hard Heat Neutral
c) Three Heat High Neutral
d) None of these
Answer: a

24. PV technology fundamentally works with:
a) AC only
b) DC only
c) Both without conversion
d) Mechanical power only
Answer: b

25. For a three-phase inverter in a small PV system, AC connection commonly uses:
a) Two-core cable
b) Three-core cable
c) Five-core cable
d) Single-core only
Answer: c

26. For a single-phase inverter, the suggested AC cable is:
a) One-core
b) Two-core
c) Three-core
d) Five-core
Answer: c

27. Undersized cable may cause:
a) Better cooling
b) Fire due to overheating
c) Higher efficiency always
d) No effect
Answer: b

28. Maximum current for a single string array is calculated as:
a) Isc × 0.5
b) Isc × 1.25
c) Isc + Voc
d) Impp × FF
Answer: b

29. When temperature increases, wire resistance generally:
a) Decreases
b) Becomes zero
c) Increases
d) Remains fixed always
Answer: c

30. A cable inside PVC duct has:
a) Higher current rating than metal duct always
b) Lower current rating
c) No current
d) Infinite resistance
Answer: b

31. Exposure to direct solar radiation generally:
a) Improves current rating
b) Reduces current rating
c) Eliminates losses
d) Makes cable superconducting
Answer: b

32. Common acceptable DC-side voltage drop in PV systems is:
a) 10%
b) 5%
c) 2%
d) 8%
Answer: c

33. Indian standard for solar DC cable noted in the PDF is:
a) IS 17293: 2020
b) IS 3043
c) IS 9000
d) IS 1001
Answer: a

34. One solar cable installation best practice is:
a) Use cable curves excessively
b) Tie near metal edges without protection
c) Use edge clips
d) Leave cables loose
Answer: c

35. Loose connections can be detected by:
a) Smell of perfume
b) Infrared thermal camera
c) Paint testing
d) Soil test only
Answer: b

36. One cause of cable overheating is:
a) Proper insulation
b) Loose connections
c) Correct sizing
d) Good maintenance
Answer: b

37. Site readiness includes:
a) Cinema license
b) Structural integrity check
c) Boiler certificate
d) Fuel quality test
Answer: b

38. A common solar mounting method is:
a) Roof mounting
b) Furnace mounting
c) Turbine mounting
d) Chimney mounting
Answer: a

39. In the northern hemisphere, PV modules generally face:
a) East
b) West
c) South
d) North
Answer: c

40. A good research question should be:
a) Very vague
b) Too broad
c) Clear and focused
d) Only one word
Answer: c

B. MCQs (41–80)

41. BOS applies to:
a) Only residential systems
b) Only agricultural systems
c) All types of solar applications
d) Only solar parks
Answer: c

42. One BOS component listed is:
a) Steam condenser
b) PV module junction box
c) Diesel injector
d) Coal feeder
Answer: b

43. Purlin is also called:
a) Vertical post
b) Horizontal rail
c) SPD
d) LT meter
Answer: b

44. Mounting brackets help in:
a) AC generation
b) Mounting panels to fixed surfaces
c) Converting DC to AC
d) Grid synchronization
Answer: b

45. Cable trays help in:
a) Voltage conversion
b) Cable management
c) Battery charging
d) Soil compaction
Answer: b

46. The key to the junction box is the choice of:
a) Nut
b) Diode
c) Rail
d) Glass
Answer: b

47. One function of string combiner box is:
a) Water pumping
b) Monitoring and communication
c) Wind control
d) Fuel filtration
Answer: b

48. DC fuse holder provides:
a) Cooling
b) Secure holding of fuses
c) Groundwater flow
d) Weather prediction
Answer: b

49. DC cable terminal connector ensures connection is:
a) Loose
b) Weather-resistant
c) Temporary only
d) Decorative
Answer: b

50. Combiner box maintenance includes:
a) Repainting solar cells
b) Checking surge protector
c) Replacing glass cover daily
d) Adding cooling liquid
Answer: b

51. AC fuse protects:
a) Only modules
b) AC circuits and devices
c) Only earth pit
d) Only support structure
Answer: b

52. MCB helps in:
a) Arc fault protection
b) Cooking load
c) Soil testing
d) Water control
Answer: a

53. AC-LT panel function includes:
a) Load management
b) Weather forecasting
c) Manufacturing wafers
d) Panel cleaning
Answer: a

54. Lightening arrestor in the notes is associated with:
a) Early Streamer Emission
b) Wind lock
c) Dust shield
d) Water trap
Answer: a

55. Solar cables usually account for about:
a) 50–60% of project cost
b) 4–5% of project cost
c) 25–30% of project cost
d) 70% of project cost
Answer: b

56. Solar cable quality depends on:
a) Ductility
b) Resistance
c) Dielectric strength
d) All of these
Answer: d

57. PV cables connect solar panels to:
a) Generator only
b) Charge controller / inverter system
c) Boiler only
d) Water tank
Answer: b

58. Battery bank connection cables connect:
a) Panel to ground only
b) Charge controller to battery bank
c) Inverter to roof only
d) Rail to bracket only
Answer: b

59. DC solar cable is commonly:
a) Single-core copper cable
b) Three-core aluminium only
c) Fluid-filled cable
d) Optical fibre
Answer: a

60. The main DC cable connects generator junction box to:
a) Solar lamp
b) Central inverter
c) Roof anchor
d) Drain pipe
Answer: b

61. AC power cables connect inverter to:
a) Protection equipment and grid
b) Soil only
c) Roof rafters
d) Junction adhesive
Answer: a

62. Compared with AC cable, DC cable power loss is:
a) Higher always
b) Smaller
c) Infinite
d) Unrelated
Answer: b

63. Voltage drop depends on cable:
a) Length
b) Material
c) Current
d) All of these
Answer: d

64. Grouping of cables reduces current carrying capacity due to:
a) Mutual heating
b) Better ventilation
c) Lower current
d) Strong insulation
Answer: a

65. Derated CCC should be:
a) Less than Imax
b) Equal to zero
c) More than Imax
d) Negative
Answer: c

66. One reason to limit voltage drop is:
a) Decoration
b) Proper equipment operation
c) Color coding
d) Weight reduction
Answer: b

67. AC-side voltage drop generally accepted in the notes is:
a) 1%
b) 7%
c) 9%
d) 12%
Answer: a

68. Avoiding cable curves is part of:
a) Project finance
b) Cable installation best practice
c) Research method
d) Community engagement
Answer: b

69. Corrosion in solar cables can lead to:
a) Decreased resistance
b) Increased electrical resistance
c) Instant higher output
d) Lower temperature
Answer: b

70. Signs of corrosion include:
a) Rust on connectors
b) Better shine
c) Lower losses always
d) Faster communication
Answer: a

71. A major consideration before installation is:
a) Safety considerations
b) Film editing
c) Fuel storage
d) Cooling tower design
Answer: a

72. Tools for field crew include:
a) PV tester
b) Fall protection
c) Battery operated drill
d) All of these
Answer: d

73. One major installation step is:
a) Site preparation
b) Coal screening
c) Steam balancing
d) Fuel blending
Answer: a

74. Ground mounting key steps include:
a) Build foundation
b) Install racking railing
c) Mount panels on rails
d) All of these
Answer: d

75. Panel slope suitable in the notes is:
a) 5–10°
b) 30–40°
c) 70–80°
d) 0° only
Answer: b

76. Dirt shading impact can be minimized by orienting modules in:
a) Portrait
b) Reverse
c) Circular
d) Bent form
Answer: a

77. Off-grid wiring path includes:
a) PV strings to combiner box
b) Combiner to charge controller
c) Battery bank to inverter
d) All of these
Answer: d

78. Two basic inverter types noted are:
a) String inverter and microinverter
b) Steam and hydraulic
c) Thermal and hydro
d) Static and rotary
Answer: a

79. Racking system installation consideration includes:
a) Mechanical loading
b) Grounding/bonding
c) Both a and b
d) Neither
Answer: c

80. Proper grounding reduces risk of:
a) Shock and surges
b) Sunlight
c) Rainfall
d) Reflection
Answer: a

C. MCQs (81–100)

81. Quality control improves:
a) System efficiency
b) Longevity
c) Compliance
d) All of these
Answer: d

82. Post-installation testing includes:
a) Grounding check
b) Electrical testing
c) Insulation resistance test
d) All of these
Answer: d

83. One issue during installation is:
a) Rushed inaccurate installation
b) Infinite solar radiation
c) No sunlight at noon
d) Waterfall erosion only
Answer: a

84. One safety measure is:
a) Install in rainy conditions
b) Walk backward on roof
c) Lift solar panels carefully
d) Scatter tools on roof
Answer: c

85. MNRE is the nodal ministry for:
a) Railways
b) New and renewable energy matters
c) Fisheries
d) Aviation
Answer: b

86. A key regulatory aspect is:
a) PPA
b) Net metering
c) Grid connectivity
d) All of these
Answer: d

87. Environmental Impact Assessment examines:
a) Land disturbance
b) Water usage
c) Waste management
d) All of these
Answer: d

88. One criterion for selecting solar PV panels is:
a) Temperature coefficient
b) Boiler size
c) Fuel rate
d) Turbine pitch
Answer: a

89. A key PV module parameter from the notes is:
a) PID resistance
b) Brick thickness
c) Pump speed
d) Valve angle
Answer: a

90. A 1 MW solar plant in India is stated to require about:
a) 1 acre
b) 2 acres
c) 4 to 5 acres
d) 10 acres
Answer: c

91. Approximate cost of a 1 MW solar power plant in India in the notes is:
a) Rs 50 lakh
b) Rs 1 crore
c) Rs 4–5 crore
d) Rs 20 crore
Answer: c

92. Commercial and industrial consumers may expect payback in about:
a) 1 year
b) 3–5 years
c) 10–12 years
d) 15 years
Answer: b

93. A Gantt chart is used for:
a) Soil chemistry
b) Project timeline
c) Cell cutting
d) Weather modification
Answer: b

94. Critical path activities directly influence:
a) Module color
b) Project duration
c) Junction box size
d) Battery water level
Answer: b

95. Procurement strategy includes:
a) Certified product selection
b) Bulk buying
c) reputed vendors
d) All of these
Answer: d

96. Commissioning tests include:
a) Voltage polarity
b) I-V curve testing
c) Thermal imaging
d) All of these
Answer: d

97. Performance ratio is:
a) Model production / actual production
b) Actual production / model production
c) Cost / area
d) Voltage / current
Answer: b

98. One thesis component is:
a) Literature review
b) Turbine casing
c) Coal feed rate
d) Oil separator
Answer: a

99. A good research question should be:
a) Feasible
b) Focused
c) Well justified
d) All of these
Answer: d

100. Residential case study sizing in the thesis guide starts from:
a) 1 kW and above
b) 10 kW and above
c) 25 kW and above
d) 100 kW and above
Answer: c

Very Short Answer Questions (101–180)

101. Define Balance of System.
Model Answer: Balance of System refers to all components of a PV system other than the solar modules, such as mounting structure, combiner boxes, inverters, protection devices, grounding, and monitoring systems.
Marks: 2

102. Name any four BOS components.
Model Answer: Module mounting structure, PV module junction box, string combiner box, AC combiner box. Other correct answers may include MCB, AC-LT panel, grounding/earth pit, lightning arrestor, energy monitoring system.
Marks: 2

103. State the purpose of a module mounting structure.
Model Answer: It supports SPV modules at a given orientation and transfers mechanical load uniformly to the roof or structure.
Marks: 2

104. List the three materials used for module mounting structures.
Model Answer: Hot dip galvanized iron, aluminium, and mild steel.
Marks: 2

105. What is a PV module junction box?
Model Answer: It is an enclosure on the module where PV panels are electrically connected.
Marks: 2

106. What is the significance of IP 67 in a junction box?
Model Answer: It indicates that the junction box is completely watertight and offers strong protection against dust and water ingress.
Marks: 2

107. What is a string combiner box?
Model Answer: It is a device that combines the output of multiple PV strings for connection to the inverter.
Marks: 2

108. Mention two functions of a string combiner box.
Model Answer: Surge protection and overcurrent protection. Monitoring and communication is also correct.
Marks: 2

109. What is the use of a DC fuse in a string box?
Model Answer: It provides overcurrent protection, protects individual strings, and improves safety by interrupting fault current.
Marks: 2

110. State any two functions of a DC disconnect.
Model Answer: Isolation and safety. It is also used for emergency shutdown and maintenance servicing.
Marks: 2

111. What is the purpose of an AC combiner box?
Model Answer: It connects two or more string inverter output circuits in parallel before an AC recombiner or switchboard.
Marks: 2

112. Expand MCB and MCCB.
Model Answer: MCB – Miniature Circuit Breaker; MCCB – Moulded Case Circuit Breaker.
Marks: 2

113. What is the role of an AC-LT panel?
Model Answer: It is a low-voltage electrical distribution panel used to control, distribute, and protect electrical power.
Marks: 2

114. What is the recommended earth pit resistance value?
Model Answer: Less than 5 ohms.
Marks: 2

115. What is the function of a lightning arrestor?
Model Answer: It protects electrical and structural systems from damage caused by lightning strikes.
Marks: 2

116. What is an energy monitoring system?
Model Answer: It is a system used to monitor, record, and analyze the performance and energy production of solar panels and related components.
Marks: 2

117. Define solar cable.
Model Answer: A solar cable is a group of insulated conductors used to interconnect components in a photovoltaic system.
Marks: 2

118. Differentiate between wire and cable in one line.
Model Answer: A wire is usually a single conductor, while a cable is a group of conductors within an insulation jacket.
Marks: 2

119. Name any two types of solar cables.
Model Answer: PV wire, USE-2 wire, THHN wire. Any two are correct.
Marks: 2

120. What is PV wire insulation generally made of?
Model Answer: XLPE or cross-linked polyethylene.
Marks: 2

121. State two special properties of PV wire.
Model Answer: PV wire is resistant to UV rays and moisture. It is also resistant to sunlight and ozone.
Marks: 2

122. What temperature can PV wire handle in wet conditions?
Model Answer: 90°C in wet conditions.
Marks: 2

123. What temperature can PV wire handle in dry conditions?
Model Answer: 105°C in dry conditions.
Marks: 2

124. Why are DC cables used in PV systems?
Model Answer: PV modules generate direct current, so DC cables are used to carry power from modules to combiner boxes and inverters.
Marks: 2

125. Name the three categories of DC solar cable use mentioned in the notes.
Model Answer: Series cables between components, parallel cables between strings and combiner box, and cable between DC distribution box and inverter.
Marks: 2

126. What is a solar DC main cable?
Model Answer: It is the larger collector cable connecting positive and negative cables from the generator junction box to the central inverter.
Marks: 2

127. Name two categories of AC cable connection in PV plants.
Model Answer: Inverter to step-up transformer, and power distribution device to grid or users.
Marks: 2

128. State one advantage of DC cable over AC cable mentioned in the notes.
Model Answer: DC cable has smaller transmission power loss. It is also simpler and lower in installation and maintenance cost.
Marks: 2

129. Why is correct cable sizing important?
Model Answer: It prevents overheating, reduces energy loss, and avoids dangerous fire risk due to undersized cables.
Marks: 2

130. Mention any two factors determining solar cable size.
Model Answer: Maximum current and acceptable voltage drop. Ambient temperature, grouping factor, conduit variation, and distance are also correct.
Marks: 2

131. Write the formula for maximum current in a single string array.
Model Answer: Imax = Isc × 1.25.
Marks: 2

132. What design margin is used for cable current calculation?
Model Answer: 1.25.
Marks: 2

133. What happens to wire resistance when temperature increases?
Model Answer: The resistance increases.
Marks: 2

134. Why does a PVC duct reduce current rating?
Model Answer: Because PVC has higher thermal resistivity than metal duct, so heat dissipation is poorer and current rating becomes lower.
Marks: 2

135. How does direct solar radiation affect cable current rating?
Model Answer: It increases cable operating temperature and reduces current rating.
Marks: 2

136. What causes reduced current carrying capacity in grouped cables?
Model Answer: Mutual heating between cables.
Marks: 2

137. Write the general expression for derated CCC.
Model Answer: Derated CCC = Derating factor × Rated CCC.
Marks: 2

138. What condition should be satisfied for proper cable selection?
Model Answer: Derated current carrying capacity should be greater than maximum current, that is DCCC > Imax.
Marks: 2

139. What is the common acceptable voltage drop in low-voltage applications?
Model Answer: 3% or less.
Marks: 2

140. What is the accepted AC-side voltage drop in solar PV systems according to the notes?
Model Answer: 1%.
Marks: 2

141. Write the voltage drop formula given in the notes.
Model Answer: V(Drop) = [(Impp × R × L) × 100] / Total input voltage.
Marks: 2

142. What does R represent in voltage drop calculation?
Model Answer: R is the cable resistance.
Marks: 2

143. State the resistance temperature relation used in the notes.
Model Answer: R = Rref × [1 + α(T − Tref)].
Marks: 2

144. Name one Indian standard listed for solar DC cable.
Model Answer: IS 17293: 2020.
Marks: 2

145. Mention one best practice for solar cable installation.
Model Answer: Use edge clips to avoid drilling panels. Avoid cable curves and protect cables near metal edges are also correct.
Marks: 2

146. State one cause of loose connections.
Model Answer: Natural degradation of materials, vibration, temperature fluctuation, or improper installation. Any one is correct.
Marks: 2

147. Mention one sign of loose connection.
Model Answer: Discoloration, melting, burning smell, or high infrared thermal reading. Any one is correct.
Marks: 2

148. Give one cause of cable damage.
Model Answer: Mechanical stress, extreme temperature, or corrosive substances. Any one is correct.
Marks: 2

149. What is one implication of cable corrosion?
Model Answer: Increased electrical resistance leading to heat generation and decreased system performance.
Marks: 2

150. State one indication of cable overheating.
Model Answer: Unusually hot cables, discoloration, or melted insulation. Any one is correct.
Marks: 2

151. Why is preparation important before equipment installation?
Model Answer: It optimizes system performance, improves safety, ensures compliance, and supports long-term durability.
Marks: 2

152. Mention any two site readiness checks for PV installation.
Model Answer: Site assessment and structural integrity. Shading analysis, roof condition, and electrical infrastructure are also correct.
Marks: 2

153. Name any two tools needed by a solar field crew.
Model Answer: PV tester and battery-operated drill. Solar panel hanger, fall protection, and cable tools are also correct.
Marks: 2

154. State the first major step involved in installing solar panels.
Model Answer: Site preparation.
Marks: 2

155. Name any two common methods for mounting solar panels.
Model Answer: Roof mounting and ground mounting. Pole mounting and tracking systems are also correct.
Marks: 2

156. State one key step in roof mounting.
Model Answer: Locate and mark roof rafters. Other correct answers include installing roof attachments, installing rails, lifting panels, or mounting panels on rails.
Marks: 2

157. State one key step in ground mounting.
Model Answer: Build a foundation. Installing racking railing and mounting panels on rails are also correct.
Marks: 2

158. What panel slope is considered suitable in the notes?
Model Answer: 30–40°.
Marks: 2

159. In which direction should modules face in the northern hemisphere?
Model Answer: South.
Marks: 2

160. What orientation can help reduce dirt shading effect?
Model Answer: Portrait orientation.
Marks: 2

161. State the grid-tie electrical connection path.
Model Answer: PV strings to junction box, junction box to inverter, and AC output to main/sub-panel.
Marks: 2

162. State one step in grid-tie with microinverter connection.
Model Answer: PV panel to micro-inverter. Other correct steps include micro-inverter to trunk cable, trunk cable to junction box, or junction box to main panel.
Marks: 2

163. State one step in off-grid wiring path.
Model Answer: PV strings to combiner box. Other correct answers include combiner to charge controller, charge controller to battery bank, battery bank to inverter, inverter to load panel.
Marks: 2

164. Where are off-grid inverters generally mounted?
Model Answer: Indoors on a wall.
Marks: 2

165. Name the two basic inverter types mentioned.
Model Answer: String inverter and microinverter.
Marks: 2

166. Mention two important considerations in racking system installation.
Model Answer: Grounding/bonding and mechanical loading.
Marks: 2

167. State one function of junction boxes during installation.
Model Answer: They are installed at strategic points where connections or splits are needed.
Marks: 2

168. What is the purpose of disconnect switches?
Model Answer: They isolate components during maintenance or emergencies.
Marks: 2

169. Why is neat and organized wiring important?
Model Answer: It avoids tangling, prevents interference, and improves safety and maintenance.
Marks: 2

170. Why are grounded electrical connections necessary?
Model Answer: They reduce the risk of shock, power surges, and static electricity build-up.
Marks: 2

171. Mention one pre-installation inspection activity.
Model Answer: Site assessment or equipment inspection.
Marks: 2

172. Mention one post-installation test.
Model Answer: Electrical testing, grounding check, or insulation resistance test. Any one is correct.
Marks: 2

173. State one issue that can occur during installation.
Model Answer: Roof condition and suitability, inaccurate installation, or interruption of roof water flow. Any one is correct.
Marks: 2

174. Give one safety measure during solar installation.
Model Answer: Never install solar panels in windy or rainy conditions. Other correct measures are using ladders correctly, lifting panels carefully, and avoiding electrical hazards.
Marks: 2

175. What is a feasibility study in a solar project?
Model Answer: It determines whether a solar energy system is technically and financially appropriate for the installation.
Marks: 2

176. Name any two site selection criteria for solar projects.
Model Answer: Solar resource potential and land availability. Grid connection, environmental impact, access to transportation, security, and economic viability are also correct.
Marks: 2

177. Name the nodal ministry for renewable energy in India.
Model Answer: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
Marks: 2

178. Mention any two regulatory requirements for solar projects.
Model Answer: Power Purchase Agreement and net metering. Grid connectivity, land use clearance, safety standards, and incentives are also correct.
Marks: 2

179. What does EIA stand for?
Model Answer: Environmental Impact Assessment.
Marks: 2

180. Name any two aspects considered in environmental impact assessment.
Model Answer: Land disturbance and water usage. Noise and visual impact, chemical usage, electromagnetic fields, and waste management are also correct.