MCQ Type Exam Semester II – Environment Management
What is the primary goal of environmental management?
A) Maximizing profit
B) Minimizing resource use
C) Protecting and preserving the environment
D) Promoting urbanization
Answer: C) Protecting and preserving the environment
Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
A) Natural gas
B) Coal
C) Solar power
D) Nuclear power
Answer: C) Solar power
What is the purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
A) To reduce environmental regulations
B) To assess the potential environmental effects of a project
C) To promote unsustainable development
D) To bypass environmental laws
Answer: B) To assess the potential environmental effects of a project
Which international agreement aims to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Montreal Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Rio Declaration
Answer: C) Paris Agreement
What is biodiversity?
A) The presence of a single species in an ecosystem
B) The variety of life on Earth, including species, genes, and ecosystems
C) The process of urbanization
D) The absence of life in a particular area
Answer: B) The variety of life on Earth, including species, genes, and ecosystems
What is the term for the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to factors like deforestation and soil degradation?
A) Desertification
B) Afforestation
C) Reforestation
D) Erosion
Answer: A) Desertification
Which of the following is a key principle of sustainable development?
A) Maximizing short-term profits
B) Minimizing resource conservation
C) Balancing economic, environmental, and social factors
D) Ignoring the needs of future generations
Answer: C) Balancing economic, environmental, and social factors
What does the term “carbon footprint” refer to?
A) The weight of carbon-based materials
B) The amount of carbon dioxide emissions caused by an individual or organization
C) A mark left in the sand
D) A measure of air pollution
Answer: B) The amount of carbon dioxide emissions caused by an individual or organization
What is the primary cause of ozone depletion in the Earth’s stratosphere?
A) Carbon dioxide emissions
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Volcanic eruptions
D) Methane emissions
Answer: B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A) Wind energy
B) Oil
C) Geothermal energy
D) Organic farming
Answer: B) Oil
Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to acid rain?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Oxygen (O2)
Answer: B) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
What is the purpose of the 3Rs in waste management?
A) Reuse, Recycle, Remove
B) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
C) Recycle, Regenerate, Reduce
D) Remove, Repurpose, Refuse
Answer: B) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
What is the term for the loss of a species from a particular habitat or from the entire planet?
A) Speciation
B) Extinction
C) Hybridization
D) Migration
Answer: B) Extinction
What is the role of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in environmental conservation?
A) To promote industrialization
B) To protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats
C) To encourage deforestation
D) To exploit natural resources
Answer: B) To protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats
Which of the following is an example of a point source pollution?
A) Agricultural runoff
B) Factory smokestack emissions
C) Ocean currents
D) Wind erosion
Answer: B) Factory smokestack emissions
What is the main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming?
A) Oxygen (O2)
B) Methane (CH4)
C) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
D) Nitrogen (N2)
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
What is the term for the practice of planting trees to restore or create a forest?
A) Deforestation
B) Afforestation
C) Desertification
D) Soil erosion
Answer: B) Afforestation
What is the primary function of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)?
A) To promote deforestation
B) To reduce international cooperation on environmental issues
C) To coordinate global environmental efforts and address environmental problems
D) To encourage unsustainable development
Answer: C) To coordinate global environmental efforts and address environmental problems
Which of the following is a method of wastewater treatment?
A) Landfill disposal
B) Incineration
C) Composting
D) Biological treatment
Answer: D) Biological treatment
What is the concept of “sustainable consumption”?
A) Maximizing resource use
B) Reducing waste generation
C) Ignoring environmental concerns
D) Promoting overconsumption
Answer: B) Reducing waste generation
Which of the following is a key component of an Environmental Management System (EMS)?
A) Energy consumption
B) Stakeholder engagement
C) Deforestation
D) Ozone depletion
Answer: B) Stakeholder engagement
What is the term for the process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation?
A) Desalination
B) Deforestation
C) Eutrophication
D) Desertification
Answer: A) Desalination
Which international agreement aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the use of ozone-depleting substances?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Montreal Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Rio Declaration
Answer: B) Montreal Protocol
What is the primary goal of the Clean Water Act in the United States?
A) To promote water pollution
B) To weaken environmental regulations
C) To regulate the discharge of pollutants into surface waters
D) To encourage soil erosion
Answer: C) To regulate the discharge of pollutants into surface waters
What is the term for the process of using living organisms to clean up or reduce environmental pollution?
A) Bioremediation
B) Overconsumption
C) Soil erosion
D) Greenwashing
Answer: A) Bioremediation
Which of the following is an example of non-point source pollution?
A) Industrial discharges
B) Sewage treatment plant effluent
C) Pesticide runoff from agricultural fields
D) Air pollution from factories
Answer: C) Pesticide runoff from agricultural fields
What is the term for the sustainable use and management of forests for environmental, economic, and social benefits?
A) Afforestation
B) Deforestation
C) Reforestation
D) Sustainable forestry
Answer: D) Sustainable forestry
Which of the following is a significant cause of ocean pollution?
A) Conservation efforts
B) Marine reserves
C) Plastic waste
D) Coral reefs
Answer: C) Plastic waste
What is the primary focus of the Ramsar Convention?
A) Protecting endangered species
B) Wetland conservation and sustainable use
C) Promoting desertification
D) Encouraging urbanization
Answer: B) Wetland conservation and sustainable use
What is the term for the introduction of harmful substances or pollutants into the air, water, or soil at levels that cause harm to living organisms?
A) Sustainable development
B) Pollution
C) Conservation
D) Urbanization
Answer: B) Pollution
What is the primary goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
A) To increase habitat destruction
B) To protect and conserve biodiversity
C) To promote overfishing
D) To encourage species extinction
Answer: B) To protect and conserve biodiversity
Which of the following is a form of renewable energy derived from the Earth’s internal heat?
A) Solar power
B) Wind energy
C) Geothermal energy
D) Fossil fuels
Answer: C) Geothermal energy
What is the term for the process of restoring or enhancing ecosystems to improve their ecological function and biodiversity?
A) Greenwashing
B) Conservation
C) Restoration ecology
D) Desertification
Answer: C) Restoration ecology
What is the primary purpose of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP)?
A) To ignore environmental issues
B) To promote unsustainable development
C) To outline strategies for managing and mitigating environmental impacts
D) To encourage overconsumption
Answer: C) To outline strategies for managing and mitigating environmental impacts
What is the term for the decline in the quality of air, water, and soil due to human activities?
A) Environmental protection
B) Environmental degradation
C) Sustainable development
D) Urbanization
Answer: B) Environmental degradation
Which of the following is a common greenhouse gas emitted by agriculture and livestock?
A) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
B) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Answer: C) Methane (CH4)
What is the primary goal of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)?
A) To promote the trade of endangered species
B) To conserve and regulate international trade in endangered species and their products
C) To encourage habitat destruction
D) To weaken wildlife protection laws
Answer: B) To conserve and regulate international trade in endangered species and their products
Which of the following is an example of a non-biodegradable waste material?
A) Organic matter
B) Plastics
C) Paper
D) Glass
Answer: B) Plastics
What is the term for the process of building and managing urban areas in an environmentally sustainable way?
A) Suburbanization
B) Overconsumption
C) Urbanization
D) Sustainable urban planning
Answer: D) Sustainable urban planning
What is the term for the variety of ecosystems, species, and genes in a particular area?
A) Pollution
B) Habitat destruction
C) Biodiversity
D) Conservation
Answer: C) Biodiversity
What is the primary focus of the Basel Convention?
A) To promote hazardous waste disposal
B) To regulate the trade in hazardous waste
C) To encourage deforestation
D) To ignore the management of hazardous chemicals
Answer: B) To regulate the trade in hazardous waste
What is the term for the process of using natural processes to treat wastewater or sewage?
A) Incineration
B) Landfill disposal
C) Composting
D) Natural wastewater treatment
Answer: D) Natural wastewater treatment
Which international agreement is focused on the protection and sustainable management of marine resources in international waters?
A) The Paris Agreement
B) The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
C) The Rio Declaration
D) The Kyoto Protocol
Answer: B) The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
What is the term for the process of reducing or eliminating the use of harmful pesticides in agriculture?
A) Sustainable agriculture
B) Urbanization
C) Deforestation
D) Overfishing
Answer: A) Sustainable agriculture
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
A) Natural gas
B) Coal
C) Wind energy
D) Plastic
Answer: C) Wind energy
What is the term for the practice of using natural resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs?
A) Overconsumption
B) Sustainability
C) Pollution
D) Greenwashing
Answer: B) Sustainability
What is the primary goal of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)?
A) To encourage overhunting of migratory species
B) To promote habitat destruction
C) To conserve migratory species and their habitats
D) To ignore the protection of migratory species
Answer: C) To conserve migratory species and their habitats
What is the term for the process of enriching soil with organic matter to improve its fertility and structure?
A) Deforestation
B) Soil erosion
C) Composting
D) Erosion
Answer: C) Composting
What is the primary focus of the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes?
A) To promote the illegal export of hazardous waste
B) To regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
C) To encourage unsustainable development
D) To weaken environmental regulations
Answer: B) To regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
What is the term for the process of restoring damaged ecosystems to their natural state?
A) Sustainable development
B) Conservation
C) Ecological restoration
D) Desertification
Answer: C) Ecological restoration