MCQ Type Exam Semester II – Environment Management

What is the primary goal of environmental management?
A) Maximizing profit
B) Minimizing resource use
C) Protecting and preserving the environment
D) Promoting urbanization

Answer: C) Protecting and preserving the environment

Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy source?
A) Natural gas
B) Coal
C) Solar power
D) Nuclear power

Answer: C) Solar power

What is the purpose of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
A) To reduce environmental regulations
B) To assess the potential environmental effects of a project
C) To promote unsustainable development
D) To bypass environmental laws

Answer: B) To assess the potential environmental effects of a project

Which international agreement aims to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Montreal Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Rio Declaration

Answer: C) Paris Agreement

What is biodiversity?
A) The presence of a single species in an ecosystem
B) The variety of life on Earth, including species, genes, and ecosystems
C) The process of urbanization
D) The absence of life in a particular area

Answer: B) The variety of life on Earth, including species, genes, and ecosystems

What is the term for the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to factors like deforestation and soil degradation?
A) Desertification
B) Afforestation
C) Reforestation
D) Erosion

Answer: A) Desertification

Which of the following is a key principle of sustainable development?
A) Maximizing short-term profits
B) Minimizing resource conservation
C) Balancing economic, environmental, and social factors
D) Ignoring the needs of future generations

Answer: C) Balancing economic, environmental, and social factors

What does the term “carbon footprint” refer to?
A) The weight of carbon-based materials
B) The amount of carbon dioxide emissions caused by an individual or organization
C) A mark left in the sand
D) A measure of air pollution

Answer: B) The amount of carbon dioxide emissions caused by an individual or organization

What is the primary cause of ozone depletion in the Earth’s stratosphere?
A) Carbon dioxide emissions
B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C) Volcanic eruptions
D) Methane emissions

Answer: B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A) Wind energy
B) Oil
C) Geothermal energy
D) Organic farming

Answer: B) Oil

Which of the following pollutants is a major contributor to acid rain?
A) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
B) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Oxygen (O2)

Answer: B) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

What is the purpose of the 3Rs in waste management?
A) Reuse, Recycle, Remove
B) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
C) Recycle, Regenerate, Reduce
D) Remove, Repurpose, Refuse

Answer: B) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

What is the term for the loss of a species from a particular habitat or from the entire planet?
A) Speciation
B) Extinction
C) Hybridization
D) Migration

Answer: B) Extinction

What is the role of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in environmental conservation?
A) To promote industrialization
B) To protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats
C) To encourage deforestation
D) To exploit natural resources

Answer: B) To protect and conserve wildlife and their habitats

Which of the following is an example of a point source pollution?
A) Agricultural runoff
B) Factory smokestack emissions
C) Ocean currents
D) Wind erosion

Answer: B) Factory smokestack emissions

What is the main greenhouse gas responsible for global warming?
A) Oxygen (O2)
B) Methane (CH4)
C) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
D) Nitrogen (N2)

Answer: C) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

What is the term for the practice of planting trees to restore or create a forest?
A) Deforestation
B) Afforestation
C) Desertification
D) Soil erosion

Answer: B) Afforestation

What is the primary function of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP)?
A) To promote deforestation
B) To reduce international cooperation on environmental issues
C) To coordinate global environmental efforts and address environmental problems
D) To encourage unsustainable development

Answer: C) To coordinate global environmental efforts and address environmental problems

Which of the following is a method of wastewater treatment?
A) Landfill disposal
B) Incineration
C) Composting
D) Biological treatment

Answer: D) Biological treatment

What is the concept of “sustainable consumption”?
A) Maximizing resource use
B) Reducing waste generation
C) Ignoring environmental concerns
D) Promoting overconsumption

Answer: B) Reducing waste generation

Which of the following is a key component of an Environmental Management System (EMS)?
A) Energy consumption
B) Stakeholder engagement
C) Deforestation
D) Ozone depletion

Answer: B) Stakeholder engagement

What is the term for the process of removing salt from seawater to make it suitable for drinking and irrigation?
A) Desalination
B) Deforestation
C) Eutrophication
D) Desertification

Answer: A) Desalination

Which international agreement aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the use of ozone-depleting substances?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Montreal Protocol
C) Paris Agreement
D) Rio Declaration

Answer: B) Montreal Protocol

What is the primary goal of the Clean Water Act in the United States?
A) To promote water pollution
B) To weaken environmental regulations
C) To regulate the discharge of pollutants into surface waters
D) To encourage soil erosion

Answer: C) To regulate the discharge of pollutants into surface waters

What is the term for the process of using living organisms to clean up or reduce environmental pollution?
A) Bioremediation
B) Overconsumption
C) Soil erosion
D) Greenwashing

Answer: A) Bioremediation

Which of the following is an example of non-point source pollution?
A) Industrial discharges
B) Sewage treatment plant effluent
C) Pesticide runoff from agricultural fields
D) Air pollution from factories

Answer: C) Pesticide runoff from agricultural fields

What is the term for the sustainable use and management of forests for environmental, economic, and social benefits?
A) Afforestation
B) Deforestation
C) Reforestation
D) Sustainable forestry

Answer: D) Sustainable forestry

Which of the following is a significant cause of ocean pollution?
A) Conservation efforts
B) Marine reserves
C) Plastic waste
D) Coral reefs

Answer: C) Plastic waste

What is the primary focus of the Ramsar Convention?
A) Protecting endangered species
B) Wetland conservation and sustainable use
C) Promoting desertification
D) Encouraging urbanization

Answer: B) Wetland conservation and sustainable use

What is the term for the introduction of harmful substances or pollutants into the air, water, or soil at levels that cause harm to living organisms?
A) Sustainable development
B) Pollution
C) Conservation
D) Urbanization

Answer: B) Pollution

What is the primary goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
A) To increase habitat destruction
B) To protect and conserve biodiversity
C) To promote overfishing
D) To encourage species extinction

Answer: B) To protect and conserve biodiversity

Which of the following is a form of renewable energy derived from the Earth’s internal heat?
A) Solar power
B) Wind energy
C) Geothermal energy
D) Fossil fuels

Answer: C) Geothermal energy

What is the term for the process of restoring or enhancing ecosystems to improve their ecological function and biodiversity?
A) Greenwashing
B) Conservation
C) Restoration ecology
D) Desertification

Answer: C) Restoration ecology

What is the primary purpose of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP)?
A) To ignore environmental issues
B) To promote unsustainable development
C) To outline strategies for managing and mitigating environmental impacts
D) To encourage overconsumption

Answer: C) To outline strategies for managing and mitigating environmental impacts

What is the term for the decline in the quality of air, water, and soil due to human activities?
A) Environmental protection
B) Environmental degradation
C) Sustainable development
D) Urbanization

Answer: B) Environmental degradation

Which of the following is a common greenhouse gas emitted by agriculture and livestock?
A) Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
B) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
C) Methane (CH4)
D) Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Answer: C) Methane (CH4)

What is the primary goal of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)?
A) To promote the trade of endangered species
B) To conserve and regulate international trade in endangered species and their products
C) To encourage habitat destruction
D) To weaken wildlife protection laws

Answer: B) To conserve and regulate international trade in endangered species and their products

Which of the following is an example of a non-biodegradable waste material?
A) Organic matter
B) Plastics
C) Paper
D) Glass

Answer: B) Plastics

What is the term for the process of building and managing urban areas in an environmentally sustainable way?
A) Suburbanization
B) Overconsumption
C) Urbanization
D) Sustainable urban planning

Answer: D) Sustainable urban planning

What is the term for the variety of ecosystems, species, and genes in a particular area?
A) Pollution
B) Habitat destruction
C) Biodiversity
D) Conservation

Answer: C) Biodiversity

What is the primary focus of the Basel Convention?
A) To promote hazardous waste disposal
B) To regulate the trade in hazardous waste
C) To encourage deforestation
D) To ignore the management of hazardous chemicals

Answer: B) To regulate the trade in hazardous waste

What is the term for the process of using natural processes to treat wastewater or sewage?
A) Incineration
B) Landfill disposal
C) Composting
D) Natural wastewater treatment

Answer: D) Natural wastewater treatment

Which international agreement is focused on the protection and sustainable management of marine resources in international waters?
A) The Paris Agreement
B) The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
C) The Rio Declaration
D) The Kyoto Protocol

Answer: B) The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

What is the term for the process of reducing or eliminating the use of harmful pesticides in agriculture?
A) Sustainable agriculture
B) Urbanization
C) Deforestation
D) Overfishing

Answer: A) Sustainable agriculture

Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
A) Natural gas
B) Coal
C) Wind energy
D) Plastic

Answer: C) Wind energy

What is the term for the practice of using natural resources in a way that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs?
A) Overconsumption
B) Sustainability
C) Pollution
D) Greenwashing

Answer: B) Sustainability

What is the primary goal of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)?
A) To encourage overhunting of migratory species
B) To promote habitat destruction
C) To conserve migratory species and their habitats
D) To ignore the protection of migratory species

Answer: C) To conserve migratory species and their habitats

What is the term for the process of enriching soil with organic matter to improve its fertility and structure?
A) Deforestation
B) Soil erosion
C) Composting
D) Erosion

Answer: C) Composting

What is the primary focus of the Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes?
A) To promote the illegal export of hazardous waste
B) To regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
C) To encourage unsustainable development
D) To weaken environmental regulations

Answer: B) To regulate the transboundary movement of hazardous waste

What is the term for the process of restoring damaged ecosystems to their natural state?
A) Sustainable development
B) Conservation
C) Ecological restoration
D) Desertification

Answer: C) Ecological restoration